ABSTRACT
Post-operative nausea vomiting [PONV] and laryngospasm are the most common of complication following surgery. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of laryngospasm and PONV after pediatric infra umbilical surgery using two anesthetic methods: control ventilation and spontaneous respiration. This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 192 children with 2-7 year-old undergoing infra-umbilical surgery of ASA-I class with the estimated operation period of an hour in Tehran pediatric hospital, Tehran-Iran during 2009-10. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: controlled ventilation and spontaneous respiration. After anesthetization, Atracurium was injected to the control ventilation [CV] group and anesthesia continued with mechanical ventilation. For the patients of the second group [spontaneous respiration/SR], after the gradual increase of the dose of halothane and certainty of the optimal depth of anesthesia, patients were intubated to allow spontaneous respiration. After intubation, all patients were anesthetized with Halothane 1-2% and the N[2]O/O[2]. The rate of nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, excessive post-operative discharge was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13, student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Post-operative nausea was non significantly higher in CV group [8%] than SR [6.52%]. The rate of vomiting was higher in CV [16%] as compared to SR group [2.17%]. [P<0.001, RR=8.57, CI: 1.91-38.41]. The rate of laryngospasm at the end of the surgery was higher in CV group [15.21%] as compared to SR group [26%] [P<0.02, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77]. The rate of excessive discharge at the end of the surgery was significantly higher in CV group [52%] in comparison with SR group [11.95%] [P<0.001, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77]. This study showed that in infra-umbilical surgeries in a period of less than an hour the incidence of post-operative vomiting and laryngospasm is higher in control ventilation group than spontaneous respiration group, which might be due to the injection of neostigmine to counter-act the effects of muscle relaxants
ABSTRACT
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is found in cattle farms and can live in the intestine of healthy cattle. Most cases of human illnesses including nonbloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome can be traced, either directly or indirectly, to cattle. One strategy for reducing the risk of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EHEC] infections in human is to reduce the prevalence of infection in cattle. Antiserum against whole cell of isolated E. coli O157:H7 from cattle showed inhibition of adherence of this strain to HEP-2 cells in 1:1280 titer and to intestine tissue of mice in 1:640 titer are significant. histology of intestine tissue confirms our results. The difference between in vivo and in vitro titrations for blocking the attachments depends on these two different conditions
ABSTRACT
Acute Meyloid Leukemia [AML] in adults is known to be a heterogeneous disease with diverse chromosome abnormalities. Some of these chromosome abnormalities are found with a high incidence in populations from specific geographical areas and ethnic societies. Therefore, we studied the cytogenetic features of AML cases in contrasting societies of Iran and India. Cytogenetic investigation was performed in various subtypes of AML with unstimulated short-term culture and High Resolution Cell Synchronization with some modification. Cytogenetically, Iranian M3 displayed a higher frequency of t[15;17] than Indian M3 [33.8% vs 19.3%] followed by M2 [t[8;21] [27.7% vs 16.2%]] and M1 [t[9;22] [16.0% vs 11.3%]]; whereas, inv[16]11q23 and numerical chromosomal aberrations in chromosome 5,7,8 occurred more frequently in Indian than Iranian. These findings represented different cytogenetic characteristics of t[15;17] between the two populations. This is the first systematic cytogenetic study of an ethnic Iranian population. Extensive biological studies of AML in Iran and India and various countries to be needed to clarify the role of genetic as well as geographic heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of AML
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/ethnology , CytogeneticsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital and genetic anomalies in two major referral hospitals and medical Genetic center in a population of Ghazvin Province. A cross sectional study was performed between 2000- 2004 on 33380 children from infancy to age 8 years. The precise and confirmed diagnosis of genetic and congenital anomalies was elaborated by reviewing pedigree of family population screening, genetic records of family data, routine tests such as application of molecular and karyotype and other essential information have been approached. In total, the more frequent malformation associated congenital anomalies among our patients was inborn error of metabolism [7.18%] followed by disorder of congenital hearth defects [6%]. We suggest a possible role of various factors such as different geographical may influence dissimilarities between present study and other population. Also the necessity of particular attention and emphasize on special screening program that helps to identify early stages of genetic and congenital malformation. These results together provide information to physicians and genetic counselors to realize contribution of congenital abnormalities and setting priorities of screening individual cases